“How is it with your soul?”

community

Something the early Methodists were most known for was their “class meetings.” Some people call these the original church “small groups.” Many believe that they were the key to the early Methodist movement’s success and spread.

I think you can gain a lot by being a part of a group like this today. It has been the most important part of my own growth in the past five years.

Pastor, I think your congregation can grow incredibly if you encourage them to participate in a group like this. Some think that these groups are a major key to renewal.

Here, I’d like to paint a picture for you to show how these groups can look.

In early Methodist class meetings, the leader asked everyone, him/herself included, about the condition of their souls. The groups I have led or participated in have used these 4 questions:
1 – How is it with your soul?
2 – Have you done all the good you could and avoided all the evil you could this week?
3 – How have you availed yourself of the means of grace?
4 – How can we as a group best pray for and support you?

[Edit: I originally said that these were the original 4 questions, but I can’t find firm evidence for their use in early Methodist history. Wesley required his class leaders to meet with each class member weekly to “inquire how their souls prosper,” but I can’t find a primary source showing that John Wesley ever asked Question 1. A Google search will turn up numerous hits saying that he did, but never with references or primary sources.

Questions 2 & 3 ask people whether they are keeping the 3 General Rules of the United Societies organized by Wesley, but I can’t show that they were asked every week to every member. Nevertheless, I believe these are still great questions and faithful to a Methodist ethos.]

You may use other questions if you find others that do a better job of driving at the core essence of what these questions are after. I’ve had a difficult time, though, finding any that truly get to the same essence quite as well.

The intent with these questions is to focus on the spiritual condition of each member. I’ll focus on the first two in this post and the second two in a later post.

1 – How is it with your soul?

This is a tough question. A lot of us don’t even know how to answer it today. At its heart, it’s asking about your experience of God’s grace and presence in your life.

I think the fruit of the Spirit is a good (though certainly not only) way of evaluating this question. “Do I have love? Do I have joy? Peace? …”

I remember a week when one of my men started by saying, “My soul is good! God has really given me a sense of peace this week.” And then he went on to describe a terrible week. He had some serious family issues, a rough week in school, and bad medical news for a friend. But it was well with his soul. He talked about the ways that he could truly sense God carrying him through.

Here’s an example on the other side. One week someone started by saying, “Well, my week has been just fine. Work is good. Things at home are fine. But it’s not well with my soul.” He went on to talk about a general restlessness, distraction from any sort of Christian practices, and noticing himself being short-tempered with some people.

2 – Have you done all the good you could and avoided all the evil you could this week?

If we don’t handle this question the right way, it could seem like it just leads to guilt and judgment. That’s not the point of the question, though. I hope you’ll understand its real intent and help others to see it with a different spirit.

We ask this because we want to cause ourselves to think a bit about whether we are doing the good God is calling us to do and avoiding evil. We ask because we know that we need help.

The point isn’t to have everyone share their laundry list of goods and evils. So for instance, we’re not looking for, “Well, I swore on Tuesday when I stubbed my toe.”

But I have heard someone appropriately share, “I’m realizing that my language hasn’t been good this week. When I’m around my co-workers it’s like I just join right in. But I need to stop. It would be a better witness if I stopped, too.”

Sometimes it’s when I begin answering these questions myself that I realize a great good I’m missing, or an evil I hadn’t even recognized was in my life. Sometimes the same happens when I hear others sharing about their own struggles. Sometimes I realize my biggest problem may be that I’m not even looking for opportunities to do good.

And sometimes this question leads to celebration. Some of my favorite times in meetings are when someone comes back with a celebration because they have managed to avoid an evil after a long struggle, or when someone shares about a way God gave them an opportunity for good and they took it.

See the second two questions here.

Do you have a person or group where you regularly ask these questions of each other? Is there a place you could find to do this? I’d love to help you get started!

Top 10 Christian Classics

Someone recently asked me, “What do you think are the top classic Christian books?” That’s a fun question for a bibliophile.

First, a definition. What is a classic? I’m going to define it as having broad readership (not just for academics), broad influence, and the highest of quality.

Here are my top 10 Christian classics, in order of when they were written:

 1. On the Incarnation by St. Athanasius

“When I first opened De Incarnatione,” C. S. Lewis writes, “I soon discovered by a very simple test that I was reading a masterpiece, for only a mastermind could have written so deeply on such a subject with such classical simplicity.”

This book was written in the 4th century and is a great synthesis of Christian thought up to that point. Don’t be intimidated by it! The whole work is only about 75 pages. But read slowly.

 2. The Confessions by St. Augustine

This book has been categorized as autobiography, devotional work, philosophy, and classic literature. The whole writing is directed to God, not to the reader, so I’ve heard it appropriately called “doxological” work. It contains brilliant insights into sin, human nature, and the work of God.

Augustine’s theology is unmatched for its influence of Western Christianity. It will be difficult to find a list of Christian classics that doesn’t include The Confessions. Make sure to get the brilliant New City Press translation (the one linked above).

 3. The City of God by St. Augustine

Augustine is the only one with the distinction of getting two works on the top 10. He’s worthy. Thomas Merton called this “the autobiography of the Church written by the most Catholic of her great saints.” The book presents human history as a conflict between the City of God and the City of Man. A great, influential work of Christian philosophy.

Be warned: this one is long. Almost 800 pages. But worth it.

 4. The Rule of Saint Benedict

Some have called Benedict the father of Western monasticism. For 15 centuries, Benedictine monks have been following this rule as a way of cultivating Christian community. Though it is written with a monastery in mind, Christians in various situations throughout the ages have found great advice here for growth in God’s love and in community. Less than 100 pages. You should find some time to read through this one.

 5. The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri

I’m going to include a piece of fiction here. Brothers Karamazov just missed making the cut, too. In this epic poem, Dante depicted medieval theology and world-view in allegorical form. This isn’t just classic Christian lit, but is considered one of the greatest works of world literature.

The Ciardi translation (linked above) is highly recommended.

You might also like my book recommendations in A Crash Course in Theology.

 6. The Imitation of Christ by Thomas à Kempis

The Catholic Encyclopedia says, “With the exception of the Bible, it is perhaps the most widely read spiritual book in the world.” John Wesley recommended that all Methodist societies have three books on hand. This was one of them (and the only one not authored by Wesley). The book is relatively short (~200 pages) and an easy read, but you’ll want to read slowly.

I highly recommend the translation by Ronald Knox, linked above.

 7. Pensées by Blaise Pascal

Pascal was a 17th century mathematician and philosopher. So if the pre-modern sensibilities of some of the previous authors are difficult for you, you may find a friend in Pascal. This is an impassioned defense of the Christian faith using reason. Note that it’s actually a compilation of fragments written by Pascal, only organized after his death.

 8. The Practice of the Presence of God by Brother Lawrence

The secret to living in the kingdom of God here on earth according to Brother Lawrence: “practicing the presence of God in one single act that does not end.” He will encourage you to make every activity a practice of the presence of God. A revered devotional classic since its introduction in the 17th century.

 9. The Cost of Discipleship by Dietrich Bonhoeffer

I’m going to include two works from the 20th century. They were ranked #2 and #1, respectively, in Christianity Today’s Top 100 Books of the 20th Century. These haven’t had to stand as much of the test of time. I wonder if they will still make lists like this in another few hundred years. But for now, I think they belong…

If you have heard the phrase “cheap grace,” it originates in this work. If you haven’t heard the phrase, you’ll have much to gain from reading even the first few chapters. Bonhoeffer uses the Sermon on the Mount to call Christians to a life of sacrificial devotion to God, in which we  recover our true humanity. “A devastating critique of comfortable Christianity,” says Christianity Today.

 10. Mere Christianity by C. S. Lewis

Lewis may have been the most influential popular-level theologian in the past 100 years. And this is his magnum opus. Many people have called this an apologetic for belief in God, but it goes well beyond that.

You’ll find the arguments for God’s existence that have been most common in recent Evangelical Christianity, but you’ll also find a profound articulation of basic Christian beliefs in clear and accessible language. You’ll also find a call to a particular way of behaving as Christians. The work is a great blend of theology, philosophy and ethics from a great thinker and communicator.

Another must-read, short book, and the brilliance of Augustine’s theology HERE.

Those are my top 10. What do you think? Any of these that you would leave out? Other essential works that you think should have made the list? Which of these have been most important for you?

Disclosure of Material Connection: All links to Amazon here are affiliate links. Feel free to buy elsewhere. Take note of the translations I’ve linked here, though. I think they’re the best.

Re-evangelizing America with changes in our ministry roles

jesus pic

jesus picTo re-reach a changing American culture, the American Church needs a different understanding of ministry roles. I think that goes for the Baptists, the Presbyterians, and the non-denominationals as much as for the UMC.

No matter which (non-)denomination we come from, the assumption seems to be that called Christian ministers should all serve in some form of chaplain’s role. Or worse – as visionary CEO types or as entertainers.

If someone takes the role of evangelistic church planter, we expect that person to start the church and then become its chaplain (or CEO or entertainer).

What if we acknowledged, as the New Testament and early Methodism did, a distinction between the traveling preacher and the local pastor?

What is a Traveling Preacher?

The traveling preacher (you might also use the term evangelist or apostle) is always an outsider of sorts. An outsider who is intentional about knowing the community like an insider – caring about the people, understanding their language and customs. But still an outsider, because it’s known that he won’t be with the community forever. His role there is temporary, or more exactly, transient.

Paul traveled far and wide in the New Testament to fulfill his apostolic role. Early Methodist circuit riders were often assigned large territories and traveled hundreds of miles on horseback. Given the segmented nature of society today, a “traveling” preacher could never leave a particular city and yet move constantly between different people groups.

The preacher does not provide day-to-day pastoral care. (S)he preaches the gospel, leads people to Christ, and assimilates them into community (not necessarily in that order). In our shifting culture, this sort of work will require great courage (see this great charge to seminary grads by Tim Tennent). Those who have gone before us faced incredible challenges that most contemporary American preachers haven’t had to face.

She trains and appoints certain members of that community – we could call them elders – to provide the day-to-day pastoral care from there forward. And she probably continues to check in on them to correct, rebuke, and encourage.

What is a Local Pastor?

The local pastor, on the other hand, is an insider. Immersed in the community. No plans of leaving for anything bigger or better. It has a familial sense to it. When was the last time you saw someone leave their family for another because they got a more lucrative offer?

Family is about people, not systems. So it won’t do for someone to say, “The ____ denomination is my big family, and I go wherever I’m needed in it.” Sounds nice, but I’m not buying it.

I believe this is what we need. We have too few traveling, church planting preachers and too few local pastors.

You’re a “layperson” and wonder how any of this applies to you? We need you, too! And you don’t necessarily need to go to seminary or be ordained. In my Methodist tradition, the majority of John Wesley’s traveling preachers were unordained. And the UMC continues to train lay speakers and license local pastors.

If a particular organization puts up a bunch of red tape before you are allowed to proclaim the gospel, assimilate people into community, and teach them to worship together, I’d question which is more important, the organization or the task at hand.

We Need Traveling Preachers

So you say that you fit the traveler’s role? The reason that you move around from church to church is to provide an outsider’s perspective, to give encouragement, to train and support the local people who are really the lifeblood of the ministry. You might talk about how you never engage in a ministry that the “laity” aren’t doing side-by-side.

Great! We need you! Desperately.

You’ve acknowledged that you’re temporary, transient. You won’t be around for the long haul, so you’re helping others take on the bulk of the ministry. You’re ensuring that your people are providing each other with pastoral care and aren’t dependent on you.

Now one more thing: we need you to plant churches.

At least one every five years.

And I’m probably already shooting way low. I should have said every three years. Or maybe I should have said five new churches within eight months, and that before you get commissioned for ministry.

And we need you to do it while you continue those other roles of support, training, and encouragement for your existing congregation(s).

Too much? You’ve just said that the local people are doing the bulk of the ministry, that they’re not to be dependent on you. That can’t be your excuse.

Whatever the excuse is, we need you to get over it and plant new churches. Throughout history, church planting has without question been the most effective method of evangelism.

Just to sustain, a denomination needs to start new congregations each year equal to at least three percent of its current number of congregations. For the Kentucky UMC that would mean roughly 24 new congregations per year. And that’s to sustain!

I would take it this far… If you’re unwilling or unable to consistently (be it in five months or five years) plant new churches, I think you need to reconsider your role as a traveling preacher.

But maybe you say, “These aren’t excuses. Church planting isn’t my calling or gifting. I’m a pastor at heart.”

Great! We need you! Desperately.

Local Pastors

Be a local pastor. Immerse yourself in a community.

Make it clear that you have no intention of leaving. No larger paycheck, pulpit, or parsonage will convince you to leave this family for another. You are one of them.

Your leadership as an insider makes a difference. It makes an enormous difference to know that you aren’t just the pastor for hire until you get a different gig.

And you should probably work to have as many other local pastors on board as possible. This is no one-(wo)man show. This is especially important if we continue thinking this way. Who are your next day-to-day pastoral leaders? They are in your midst. Don’t wait for someone to be sent/hired from somewhere else.

My own Methodist heritage has great examples of how important a located pastor is. In a brilliant article (you must click and read in full), Don Haynes says, “The keys to our staying power were the located elders, local preachers and Sunday school superintendents.” He calls these local elders “the pillars and backbone of local churches.”

Some of you are in systems that will easily allow you to declare you’re with a local church for life. Others will have a harder time. But it’s not impossible.

“I gave my word to go where the Bishop sends,” says the Methodist elder, “I can’t tell my people I’m with them for good.”

You do have options. Is your character in good standing? Do you intend to discontinue service in the itinerant ministry? Then request honorable location — a remnant from our history of locating elders. See paragraph 359 of the Discipline.

We haven’t been using this to allow people to become “local elders,” but show me why it can’t be used that way.

Yes, you’ll create all kinds of problems for the system. People may refuse you. At the least, you certainly may not be able to keep the same sort of pay and benefits. (Were you expecting anything less?) But if your heart and gifting are truly about being a local pastor, why don’t you be one?

What do you think? Could this change in how we handle ministry roles help? Disagree and want to tell the world why? (Click here to share with people on Facebook, or here to share on Twitter.)